High power, high energy density, low cost and exceptional safety are essential for batteries in electric vehicles (EV). Therefore, the next wave of growth for this industry is to develop an alternative to graphite, with a relatively high storage voltage (preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 V vs. Li/Li+). Magneli Phase Sub-Oxides of Titanium (MPSOT) such as TinO (2n-1) (where n is between 4 and 10) exhibit electrical conductivity equivalent to graphite. Unlike graphite they are chemically inert, cannot burn and will not participate in thermal runaway reactions. MPSOTs are attractive electrode candidates for several advanced energy devices, including; Li intercalation hosts for Lithium batteries, Air Electrodes for Metal-Air batteries, and as highly stable catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells.

Our breakthrough is a novel Structurally Stabilized Magneli Phase material (SSMP) which retains all the attractive and well-documented properties of Ti4O7 with the addition of being stable as nano-scale fibers and surface features. This breakthrough now makes it possible to attain exceptional levels of effective potential intercalation sites with a Magneli Phase material.

Fuel Cell

The problem in the fuel cell are is the degradation of carbon-based substrate and the loss of Pt. Magneli Phase Materials, specifically Structurally stabilized Ti407, have shown promise as alternatives to carbon. Structurally Stabilized Ti4O7 is superior to graphite and Graphene in that there is no corrosion, longer life, higher catalyst activity, and more options for novel catalysts.

Lithium

High power, high energy density, low cost and exceptional safety are essential for batteries in electric vehicles (EV). Therefore, it is essential to develop an alternative to graphite, with a relatively high storage voltage (preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 V vs. Li/Li+). Magneli Phase Sub-Oxides of Titanium (MPSOT) such as TinO (2n-1) (where n is between 4 and 10) exhibit electrical conductivity equivalent to graphite. Unlike graphite they are chemically inert, cannot burn and will not participate in thermal runaway reactions. MPSOTs are attractive electrode candidates for a number of advanced energy devices, including; Li intercalation hosts for LIBs1, Air Electrodes for Metal-Air batteries,2 and as highly stable catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells.3 However, conventional MPSOTs are not stable as nanostructures and to date, this has limited their effectiveness in LIBs and other advanced batteries such as Li-Air

Metal Air Batteries

A stable Reversible GDE is a pre-requisite for a metal-air battery to all for discharge and charging, with the leading failure mode being the charge cycle. Magneli Phase materials have been shown to work in a number of research studies.